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Field of Glory Napoleonic, by Slitherine, Terry Shaw



Field of Glory Napoleonic, by Slitherine, Terry Shaw

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Field of Glory Napoleonic, by Slitherine, Terry Shaw

Field of Glory Napoleonic is being designed in an approachable and easy-to-learn manner to allow players to concentrate on realistic deployments and battlefield tactics of the early modern era. Our aim is to capture the atmosphere of battles ranging from the early wars of the French Republic through the rise of Bonaparte and the Grande Armee, to the Empire's last stand at Waterloo.

This period is an ever-popular gaming period, and wargamers enjoy playing both historical battles and 'what-if' scenarios. FOGN will cater for both types of player, with a full point system allowing theoretical battles between balanced armies to be played out, as well as accommodating factual scenarios.

The rulebook will maintain the same production values as previous FOG and FOGR releases and will be designed both to explain the game and be a reference guide when playing. To make the rules easier to follow, we will include examples, detailed descriptions and explanations of unusual situations in a similar way to our Ancients and Renaissance rulebooks.

  • Sales Rank: #1457097 in Books
  • Brand: Board Games
  • Published on: 2012-03-20
  • Released on: 2012-03-20
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.53" h x 1.00" w x 7.48" l, 1.45 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 148 pages

Review
“Here are the complete rules including explanations of how to play, diagrams of key points, photos of the miniatures during the game, and army lists, making this a fine addition to any wargamer's reference collection!” ―The Midwest Book Review (July 2012)

About the Author
Written by Slitherine, one of the top wargaminig companies in the country

Most helpful customer reviews

41 of 43 people found the following review helpful.
Detailed Review: Field of Glory Napoleonics
By Mr Mike
Field of Glory Napoleonic REVIEW

The "Field of Glory Napoleonic" miniatures rules cover the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. This rulebook follows two prior Field of Glory sets covering the broad spans of the "Ancient and Medieval" and "Renaissance" periods, but it zeroes in on the relatively narrow period of warfare that convulsed Europe between Valmy in 1792 and Waterloo in 1815. It benefits from that focus in conciseness and completeness. Many aspects will look familiar to users of prior FoG rules, but much has been streamlined and some key rules mechanisms have been reworked or replaced to better fit the combat of this era.

WHO DO YOU WANT TO BE? This is the threshold question when looking at Napoleonic-era miniatures rules, since engagements ran from small skirmishes up to battles with hundreds of thousands of men in the field. Do you want to command a company? Battalion? Run several battalions as a regimental or brigade commander? Control a Division? Be a Corps or Army commander, or even L'Empereur? There are rulebooks pitched to every level, though many cluster where the basic units are infantry battalions, artillery batteries, and cavalry squadrons or regiments and the player is acting as a brigade or division commander. These forces tend to be fielded as mixed task forces of up to divisional size made more interesting than run-of-the-mill divisions by allowing a broad range of troop selections.

Some players delight in minor tactical action between opposing battalions, batteries and squadrons. However, this is just a small battle or a slice of a major battle. Many Napoleonics players also want the feel of high command, controlling combined arms forces of corps size (averaging 20,000-30,000 men at full strength) or larger. The player can enjoy the combined arms grand tactical challenges of maneuvering his divisions and brigades across a full battlefield, but may not want to lose sight of what happens at the tactical level. In a straightforward approach to experience both levels (and put awesome numbers of miniatures on a crowded table), players often try to fight very large battles using battalions as the basic units. Even with multiple players per side this tends towards time-consuming games that have an unwieldy number of units even using simplified and abstracted mechanisms.

The FoG(N) player commands one or more Corps, each consisting of 2 to 4 Divisions. Divisions may be infantry, cavalry or a mixed, may include substantial artillery, and are comprised of maneuver units (some 50% larger than standard) each the size of several infantry battalions, small cavalry regiments, or artillery batteries. These unit sizes might correspond to an infantry demi-brigade or regiment or a small British brigade (e.g., 1200-3000 infantry, 500 to 1200 cavalry, or 12 to 30 guns). These units may be reinforced for the battle by various "Attachments" of Corps or Division-level assets.

Basing the rules on regimental-size units rather than battalions or full brigades or divisions seemed odd at first but I was won over in theory by the detailed historical explanation in the rules and web forums and in practice by how it works to represent what Napoleon called the grand tactical level as well as key elements of the tactical level of battle without burdening the player. Positioned in Corps command while keeping in view the most essential elements and feel of tactical engagement below the Division level, I don't feel a need to see the detailed evolutions of individual battalions, batteries and squadrons because I see how they work together tactically reflected concretely on the table in the maneuvers, formations, assaults, firefights, and close combats of the Divisions' units. March Columns, Squares, and Extended Lines (battalions abreast) are special unit formations specifically represented in the game, but generally infantry and cavalry are in "Tactical" formation, shown by bases two deep and representing the footprint or area within which local commanders attempt to dispose the battalions as best they can for the circumstances (e.g., double line, ordre mixte or attack columns screened by skirmishers). Since the effects and interactions of different troop types within different tactical systems are reflected in the mechanics and modifiers, I'm comfortable letting go of the detailed formations and evolutions at the battalion level when playing Corps command.

I will first outline the contents of the rulebook and then discuss what I see as the most important or intriguing workings of the game in enough detail for you to decide whether you wish to take a deeper look.

THE RULEBOOK:
As usual for Field of Glory rules, all aspects of the game are covered in detail. The rules style is not conversational but instead direct and carefully phrased with the goal of being comprehensive, complete and unambiguous, something inherently useful in a set of rules but in practice hard to achieve given the fluidity of English.

The hardcover bound rulebook is attractive, durable and professionally executed, but I find the old-style typeface too small, thin, and squat so less readable than its predecessors. The book is considerably thinner than its predecessor Field of Glory Renaissance volume with fewer photos and historical illustrations but ample diagrams (I do like explanatory diagrams!).

The contents include:
' Introductory and army organizational info first, followed by the playing rules roughly in the order of the sequence of play (I describe the SOP below). Movement and ranges are measured in Movement Units (MUs) of 25mm (1") at 15mm figure scale and 40mm at 25/28mm scale. Ground scale is 60m or 67 yards/MU (so 3 MU=200 yards) and a pair of turns represents 20 minutes.
' Sections on special terrain features. The special rules for combat in built-up areas and other defensive positions are very good-a common weak spot for rules. At Waterloo, Plancenoit changed hands several times. This can happen in FoG(N)-capturing troops take a turn to organize a prepared defense, meaning an immediate counter-attack by the former defenders can tumble the captors out before they are able to establish an effective defense.
' Basing and background: FoG-standard 40mm frontage in 15mm scale, but 30mm deep, allowing two 4-man ranks on an infantry base, which represents 300-500 men. Cavalry are 3 per base representing 125-200 men. A single artillery model with crew represents a battery of 6-9 guns.
Beyond the aesthetics, the overall unit footprint rather than figure headcount matters for gameplay. In 15mm scale the footprint for infantry and cavalry units is 8cmx6cm for 4-base "small" units, while small artillery units have 2 bases and are as deep as necessary. "Large" units with 50% more bases are sometimes available. Large infantry or cavalry units can either present a wider fighting frontage or deploy deeper, and they also enjoy more resilience by ignoring the first hit from firing or combat before determining the result.
' The battlefield creation and deployment system is built on prior FoG offerings. It is complete and suitable for competitive play, of course, but I like the FoG approach enough to use a relaxed version as my preference for filling in scenario details and for other games.
' Glossary of terms.
' How to use the rules for multi-corps battles, how to create historically-based army lists and orders of battle for historical scenarios, specific unit conversion information, and how to play with miniatures based for other systems (so I don't see rebasing as a big issue).
' Design philosophy, mostly an explanation of command structure and the historical, tactical and organizational background for the choice of regimental-level basic units.
' You can create army lists and scenarios based on your historical knowledge, but the book includes 8 sample army lists that can be used for inspiration or to build armies using the points system as a guide to relative values. These lists fall within the 1810-1813 timeframe (Anglo-Portuguese, Austrian, French Infantry Corps (both 1812 and 1813), Prussian, Russian, and Spanish).
' Orders of battle for both sides at Plancenoit (1815) and Sacile (1809) as examples of conversion of units for historical scenarios.
' A 3-page index.
' 4 pages of playsheets for quick reference.

The rulebook is being followed by two army list books (June and September) providing numerous lists covering major and minor states. These will be detailed on a year-by-year and region-by-region basis where appropriate-a useful resource even for users of other rules. Slitherine's Field of Glory forums are as usual active and will provide quick responses for questions as well as historical, scenario, FAQ, errata, and other information. A player-made Excel army-builder worksheet is already available and I expect more player aids. The FoG(N) free quickstart download scenario with "Lite" rules that I tried needed an overhaul for completeness and clarity-while it does illustrate some mechanisms it is not yet easy to use. Rules errata includes a couple dozen corrections, virtually all clean-up typos and clarifications, and a further clarification FAQ is promised to address the usual odd cases and phrasing open to reasonable (or unreasonable) misinterpretation. I wish it had been perfect to start, but given the rulebook's broad scope and Slitherine's good forum support and issue clean-up I don't think it fair to knock the rating down a level.

Some gamers denounce points systems for their inherent imperfections, but where use is optional I think the issue is whether points offer any value as a gauge of relative strengths. Prior FoG rules show considerable diligence and skill in points balancing for more difficult historical periods than Napoleonics, which has similar armies and extensive historical evidence of comparative performance. Easing my concern about the classic Napoleonics risks of Super Guard syndrome or Neapolitan despair, I was heartened by a tester reporting his "French Imperial Guard (coming in at a tiddly 8 units) have been annihilated, sadly repeatedly, by larger 'average' armies who have managed to avoid or delay the 'point of decision' until their numbers have been bought to bear" while his relatively low-grade Westphalians have been quite successful. A musket ball respects neither Élan nor Training. Winning with high quality troops when outnumbered should demand more skill and experience.

TROOP CLASSIFICATIONS:
Rules take various approaches to differentiating troops based on behavior and performance, ranging from unitary combat values and detailed lists of modifiers to sets of idiosyncratic unit-specific special rules, all intended to evoke the distinctive characteristics of the protagonist armies and their important tactical interactions as the rules author sees them.

Field of Glory Napoleonics army lists each include special rules for the overall organization of the corps covered by that list for the applicable time frames and regions (e.g., the 1812 French Army in Spain differed considerably from the one invading Russia, and the post-disaster French army of 1813 was even more different). The lists also define each available type of unit by name or description, combat arm, troop type, Élan, Training, unit size(s) in bases, points cost per base, maximum bases allowed, and (if applicable) the minimum bases required in order to provide the proper "shape" to the army. There are also often historical restrictions on which units may serve together.

A unit can be reinforced by up to 2 attachments of appropriate types from Corps or Division assets. Infantry might be eligible for any of the 4 options: specialist Skirmisher companies, an artillery battery, a cavalry squadron or two, or a special officer (cavalry and artillery can get an officer or artillery). Attachments reinforce unit capabilities for specific missions, and also allow custom tailoring of units to fit specific historical orders of battle (OOBs). Less flexible forces must assign attachments to units in their OOB, while some more flexible armies or divisions can often wait until they see the battlefield.

The combination of army lists with army restrictions, the range of player choice of troops and leaders, organization of divisions, and selection and use of attachments means that two armies of the same nation, region and date are liable to differ substantially in composition and strategy while sharing common characteristics. British doctrine, training, experience (including better leveling of muskets), and ample use of Attachments (especially Skirmishers including Rifle components) translates to Peninsular armies that tend to include a high proportion of Veteran British and allied units with a firepower superiority over their opponents that enables them to effectively counter-punch against attackers who stand halted and Disordered or Wavering by fire. Russian infantry divisions always have substantial artillery, and horse artillery is even available in a large unit, so with Reformed late wars infantry and ample Jaeger formations the Russians can generate a lot of firepower while also enjoying Cavalry choices ranging from veteran Cuirassiers to nimble Cossacks.

Similarities in the basic organization and weaponry of armies mean that minor variations in troop types, training, doctrine and skill of Napoleonic become more significant in providing a tactical edge. Each combat arm (infantry, cavalry and artillery) is divided into heavy and lighter types as well as subtypes (such as Rifle Light Infantry; Shock Heavy Cavalry; Lancer Light Cavalry; Foot or Horse Artillery; or specialized artillery including mortars, howitzers and rockets). Infantry are categorized as Reformed or Unreformed, reflecting whether at the list date that army had effectively transitioned from traditional linear tactics to improved tactical systems making flexible use of new drill and maneuver methods and skirmisher tactics, including proficient light companies integrated in line battalions. Reformed units or skirmisher attachments can push skirmishers well forward and extends infantry firepower into Medium Range.

Troops are also classified based on Training and experience (Veteran, Drilled or Conscript) and their Élan or fighting spirit (Superior, Average or Poor). Some elite units can also qualify for special "Guard" designation (Guards are more disciplined and resilient in adversity). This system allows nuanced troop classification, such as patriotic levies filled with fierce fighting spirit but short on training and experience (French Superior Conscripts), veterans whose enthusiasm for combat has been tempered by experience but who have become disciplined and proficient soldiers (British Average Veterans), or even poorly motivated minor state Guard units (Neapolitan Poor Drilled Guards). The most formidable troops are of course the rare Superior Veteran Guards (such as the Old Guard at its best). Veteran troops are better shots and more likely to withstand Cohesion Tests, while Superior troops are more eager in Combat and making Complex Move Tests.

COMPLEX MOVE TESTS AND COHESION TESTS:
These are the two common tests, each passed if the score on any of the dice rolled equals or exceeds the required number.

A Complex Move Test rolls one dice, is always voluntary, and has a cost. It can be taken only if the unit's Division Commander uses one or more (depending on circumstances) of his limited Command Points ("CPs") for the turn or there is an eligible Commander personally leading the unit, in which case its first CMT is free. Passing score is 5-6; 4-6 if personally led by a Commander. Guard, Superior and Poor units get re-rolls.

A passed CMT enables the unit to do something beyond what it is normally allowed or required to do, such as make a Difficult Move, take a Second Move, declare or avoid declaring Assaults on certain adversaries, Intercept some enemy Assaults, charge home in the Assault despite being checked by Defensive Fire, prepare defenses in a built-up area, and other actions described in the Complex Move Table. Failing the test just means you can't take the desired course of action. Carefully focused use of the limited number of CPs available to take CMTs is a key element of successful generalship.

Think of Cohesion Tests (CTs) as morale checks-taken involuntarily for units facing certain adverse events or voluntarily in the Recover Phase in an attempt to restore lost cohesion. In a CT, the number of dice you roll varies based on Training from 3 for Veterans down to 1 for Conscripts and is subject to one possible +1 and one possible -1 modifier. The minimum passing dice score varies from 4 to 6 depending on the test reason, but is usually 5.

I should explain that there are 4 cohesion levels: Steady-Disordered-Wavering-Broken. Disordered troops remain largely combat-effective. Wavering units can still fight at reduced effectiveness but may break under Assault or close range shooting. Broken troops run and remove themselves from the field unless quickly rallied by a Commander. If successfully rallied to Wavering, Broken troops become Spent, meaning they always take at least Disordered penalties for fighting and are unenthusiastic about Assaulting. Fresh Cavalry can also be Spent by heavy Firing hits or taking a hit in Combat, so Spend them carefully! Cohesion losses accumulate in battle, and CTs to recover troops become more important and more difficult choices as battle progresses.

SET-UP:
Players can use all or part of the complete terrain set-up and deployment rules. Flank marches are provided for as in the prior FoG rules, but a player can also station reserves off-table designated to come in during the battle (on the left, right or center base edge), presumably as part of a trap.

FLOW OF PLAY:
The players each take turns as "Active" player, following the Sequence of Play (outlined in more detail below). The Firing Phase precedes Movement, which I like in horse and musket games because it better reflects the tactical circumstances, including the defender's first-fire advantage. Firing and Close Combat procedures are streamlined with Hit Dice translating directly to outcomes. Outcomes can include cohesion losses, halts, retirements, and pursuits. There is no rostering or casualty tracking, just indicating each unit's cohesion level (measuring its combat readiness) with a mutually agreed marker and there is no removal or replacement of bases except to visually indicate "Spent" status or the presence of Attachments.

Turns can move along with pleasing speed if the non-Active player spends time thinking about his next turn in advance in addition to taking care of his Assault reactions, Firing, and Combat Outcomes. Non-Active Player planning is important because his Commander movement in the Active player's Recovery Phase helps set up his intended CP allocations, Assault declarations and Movement in his coming turn, where success can hinge on making the right CP decisions.

VICTORY CRITERIA:
I am not a fan of rigid numerical victory conditions, but the book's suggested formula is not bad. Under it a side is defeated when Army Combat Value points lost due to Broken and Spent units reaches a threshold. Thresholds are reduced if the opponent's own loss is sufficiently smaller. There are then 4 possible levels of victory including a draw, each based on the relative margin of victory. A nice twist is that the victory level is modified one level in the player's favor if he has 2 more units of fresh (not Spent) Cavalry than the opponent does.

Although it does not directly affect victory calculations, each side has a Line of Communications marker (wagons, or maybe a mini-diorama) on its base edge touching a road leading off (if any). While the LOC is enemy-occupied, all units of its side require a score 1 higher than normal to pass their Cohesion Tests. This makes the army considerably more brittle, and the immediate impact means players will usually protect their LOC.

COMMAND AND CONTROL:
The fluid and articulated new way of war first adopted by France in this era gave more scope for able leaders to have a decisive grand tactical effect than did the formal linear system it was replacing, particularly as opposing armies caught up and became more nearly equal in capabilities. Meeting the challenge of using Commanders and their Command Points effectively is critical to success in the game. Army leadership is represented by Corps and Division Commanders (and Brigadiers available as officer Attachments for units as allowed in the army list). Army Commanders may be added in a large multi-Corps battle. Commanders have two critical roles.

The first is using their own Command Points or those delegated to them by their superiors to enable subordinate units to take and pass CMTs in order to enhance their ability to accomplish their missions. At the end of each friendly turn, each Division Commander or above has his pool replenished to a total of 1-3 CPs (based on whether he is Competent, Skilled or Exceptional). CPs can be thought of as command focus and Aides de Camp being sent down to assist at the unit level during the next turn of both players. They are critical for Assaults and agile maneuvering, and a skilled player will be sure to send them where they will be most needed. CPs can be concentrated for an attack by having two Divisions attack in depth side-by-side and closely assisted by the Corps commander and his CPs. It costs an extra CP for a Commander to send a CP outside his command range. This and the other Commander benefits below encourage units in a Division to stay in proximity.

The second critical role is during the player's Recovery Phase. One of the Commander's subordinate units in 4 MU range may take a Cohesion Test to either rally if it is broken or recover cohesion if it is Disordered or Wavering. Leaders are the only way to recover units (other than custom scenario rules).

A Commander personally leading a unit can also provide a unit with a free CMT, increase its Élan for Combat re-roll purposes, and add a dice to Cohesion Tests if he is Charismatic. He can also move a group of units in a contiguous group together as a "brigade group" to most efficiently use CPs. However, if leading a unit he faces risk of loss from heavy Firing or Combat hits and his command range is halved (further reduced to zero if his unit is in Combat).

Brigadiers (officer Attachments) lack CPs, but provide a first CMT and recovery attempt to the unit they lead plus an Élan Combat re-roll bonus. They are good for detached operations or commanding a good mobile reserve.

1. COMMAND POINT ALLOCATION PHASE:
Active Army and Corps commanders delegate CP down the chain of command (usually by placing ADC markers next to the recipient). As the demands of battle increase, any CP that ends up unused by a Commander is probably a lost opportunity elsewhere.

2. ASSAULT PHASE:
Steady or Disordered units may declare or attempt Assaults. Some defender reactions require a CT. Interceptions, Countercharges and pre-Combat Outcomes occur. Eligible Defensive Fire may be performed at 2 MU (Close Range) and hits may repulse the assault or at least halt it unless a CMT is passed. Close to contact.

3. FIRING PHASE:
Firing is generally directly to front, with potential close range support from unengaged neighbors. Active player fire and results are performed; then Non-Active. Unit size, type, Attachments, Cohesion, and factors like terrain, snow or rain determine the number of dice rolled, and a few +/- Points of Advantage determine minimum scores to hit. Hits translate directly to results-lost Cohesion, halts, or retirements. Shooting alone can't break a unit beyond close range, only make it retire.

Ranges are short (formed infantry volleys) 2MU, medium (skirmisher screen and canister fire) 6 MU, and long (artillery only) 16 MU. Assaulted artillery might CT to stand and fire, otherwise abandon the guns for the shelter of nearby troops or sometimes limber and retire. Terrain features, rain and snow affect firing.

4. MOVEMENT PHASE:
Any listed Simple Move (e.g., normal Reformed infantry move 6MU) can be done without command intervention, but other moves (including a Second Move) require passing a CMT. Divisional Commanders also have the ability to move and second move 2-4 units as a single ad hoc "brigade group." Relaxed wheeling, sidestepping, and interpenetration (passage of lines) rules are little things but make the player's life easier and reflect that the units are multi-battalion formations. Since the game does not have battalions as maneuver units, there are no "battalion ballet" issues.

5. COMBAT PHASE:
Close Combat is more fluid than prior Field of Glory rules-rarely do opponents lock in combat beyond the initial turn. Combat procedure is like Firing, except that there are re-rolls based on Élan and Guard status. Hits translate to Cohesion losses.

Napoleon said that in war the moral is to the physical as 3 is to 1, and in the game Combat is indeed decided by Cohesion rather than directly by damage done. If both sides hold Steady they fight on, but Disordered or worse troops may give way, those with lower Cohesion levels first, and the Active player wins a "tie"). What this means is that you really want to at least Disorder the enemy before Assaulting, so that if you too are Disordered by Defensive Fire on the way in you need only do as well as them in Combat to take the ground, and if the opponent is knocked down to Wavering but you are better off then you may be able to pursue to catch them. Wavering troops that retire are likely to move so fast that they end facing away and vulnerable. Pursuers that make a fresh contact can break or disperse a vulnerable opponent on contact or engage in a second Combat in the same or next Combat Phase.

Infantry in square facing cavalry, however, may Waver but will not yield until they break, so if they stand this triggers special pass-through rules for Cavalry. The special rules for fighting in buildings, fortifications, obstacles, rivers, streams, bridges, and fords also provide for a similarly stubborn defence.

6. RECOVERY PHASE:
Routing is simple: a unit broken can rout once and gets just one chance for a Commander to rally it, which occurs in its next Recovery Phase. Unless rallied, the broken unit is removed. Successful rallying leaves it Spent and Wavering, and it may recover further. Spent units are not out of the fight but need gentle handling. Abandoned gun crews are similar in getting a single chance to test to rejoin the guns as soon as pre-conditions are met.

Before rallying and recovering, each side in this phase may move its commanders up to 4 MU to better position themselves for recovery and next turn. The heavier the fighting, the more cohesion losses and breaks will occur, and recovery strategy and priorities must be a part of the battle plan.

Once the armies become seriously engaged it is not long before the erosion of cohesion outstrips the number of Commanders and you face sharp choices. Things fall apart, the center cannot hold, so do you try to shore it up by steadying your large front-line infantry brigade? Or recover the Spent and Wavering Cuirassiers that were forced to retire to the second line, since once Disordered they can again threaten the advancing enemy infantry? Or rally broken veterans before they disappear off the field? Success is uncertain-to give you an idea, Average Drilled troops need a 5-6 on either of two dice to recover cohesion (about 56% to pass). The Recovery Phase procedure is simple and fast, but resolving its dilemmas can be intense.

CONCLUSION:
Ask which Napoleonics rules are best and you'll get a lot of quick answers, but the first step is to decide WHO in the chain of command you want to be. If it's commanding a brigade or a division, a variety of good rules sets can provide a concrete minor tactical experience with battalions or even companies as the basic units. Far fewer rules focus on corps or army command. With brigades or divisions as basic units, one natural and practical course is to abstract tactical combat into relative combat values, but I want rules to represent the range of tactical interactions from attempts to drive the enemy back by assault through the extended firefights into which attacks often devolved.

I liked Field of Glory's earlier rules for effectively representing the tactical and troop type interactions on my personal period "checklist," their completeness, and their thoughtful and testing-based design, but I was skeptical about what was possible in Napoleonics. I bought the rules after asking a friend who plays them and checking online discussions. It sounded promising, and with study and play I have been increasingly pleased.

At the Corps level, I want a game where command decisions, maneuver, and fighting evoke the shape, look and feel of historical battle accounts. It's early still, but so far so good. Corps and division Attachments add to the history and fun, and accentuate both tactical and grand tactical levels. For me, the sense of corps command is enhanced rather than diminished by having the look-down to the tactical level. Through the battle haze, a real corps commander would see regiments forming their battalions into squares against cavalry threats or skirmishing in order to engage artillery, the fog of a pinning firefight raging on one sector of the front while the fate of an adjoining assault is revealed by the standards advancing or retiring, and he would think of these events all in terms of his big picture plans for divisions and brigades.

12 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Field of Glory Napoleonics - the most playable FOG Rules yet
By Scott Elaurant (Adelaide)
This is the third in the series of "Field of Glory" (FOG) wargame rulebooks published by Slitherine Software in association with Osprey Publishing. This book covers the entire period of both the (French) Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars, from 1792 to 1815. It includes rules for terrain, competition games, a point system and a set of introductory army lists for the period 1812 to 1813. Two forthcoming companion volumes will have full army lists from 1792 to 1808 and 1809 to 1815.

Like the earlier FOG Ancients and Renaissance era rulebooks, FOG Napoleonics is a physically impressive production. It is hardcover, full colour, beautifully illustrated with period pictures, photos of miniatures, and graphics showing how the rules work. The rules follow the standard FOG layout with index and summary sheets at the end. At 148 pages of A4 it is noticeably smaller than the previous two books. There are not as many detailed examples of play presented in the rules, and it would benefit from a large illustated example, especially of the combat mechanism. Still overall, it is a well produced book. The days of black and white amateur wargame rules are well and trully gone.

FOG is set at "Regimental" level, with a typical 800 point army being a Corps with 8 to 12 units of cavalry, infantry and/or artillery. Call it "Grand Tactical". Larger battles are easily possible with the game's command system. Individual units comprise 4 or 6 bases of infantry or cavalry, or 2 or 3 of artillery. Each base comprises 3 cavalry figures, 6 or 8 infantry figures, or 1 canon, identical to the Lasalle rules. However FOG is one wargame that really can be played between armies with any (consistent) basing, as we shall see.

The game plays as a typical IGO-UGO turn sequence, but with some interaction via defenders shooting in defensive fire and intercept charges. Die rolls and troop quality mechanisms depend on rerolling successes or failures. This will all be familiar to earlier FOG players. However there are three key differences to earlier FOG games. First the turn sequence is now Assault, Fire, Move and Combat, with fire and movement reversed compared to earlier FOG games. Second, melee is not resolved till the end of the turn, where it is short and sharp. Third, all combat (firing and melee) is resolved in terms of units, rather than base-by-base as in FOG. A table determines the number of dice to roll per unit, depending on the size of unit and circumstances of the combat. Thus base size is not critical, as long as you can determine who is in contact. Previous FOG players may find this a bit confusing at first.

Combined with a single melee phase, and fairly long movement distances for units, this greatly speeds play. FOG Napoleonics is a much faster game to play than FOG Ancients or even FOG Rennaissance. Happily, this speeding up of play has not been gained at the expense of historical accuracy of outcomes, or lack of tactical options for players. As a game, FOG is very playable.

That brings me to my conclusion and the reason for rating FOG Napoleonics at five stars. It is a good game. There is little point producing a beautiful rulebook if the game doesn't play well, or is not suppported with troop lists and all the things you need ot run a club compeition. In this respect FOG rates well. I have played five games now with several local club members and they have all run smoothly. There are a few glitches in the wording of the reference sheet at the back of the book, but that aside, FOG Napoleonics plays well and "feels right".

With the unfortunate demise of the Waterloo rules, and impending FOG army list books, I think FOG is likely to become the Napoleonic rulebook of choice over the next few years. It will not please everyone, but in the spirit of Flames of War, it is a very playable game. In a hobby with a group of players notoriously hard to please, and almost no standardisation, I think that is a good thing.

11 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Great System, unclear layout.
By Joe Prior
Having recently decided to enter the realm of Napoleonic Wargaming, this seemed like "the next big thing" after some casual forum searches. FOG-N seems like a great ruleset that occupies a somewhat under represented, but very interesting area of battlefield command. It is only hampered by poor layout and confusing charts that can be bewildering to the new player.

Most Games that represent this era stay in the "Division Commander" mind set, with each player controlling a Division plus some support. Here the basic unit is the Battalion/Squadron/Battery and "battles" represent a portion of a larger battle, or a smaller Division action. This is a very popular "scale" and includes games like "LaSalle". What FOG-N does a little differently is it takes things one step up, and puts you in the shoes of the Corps Commander. Now you're concerned with the actions of entire Regiments. The game takes some of the fiddly bits (like what exact formation each battalion is in) and abstracts them, instead concerning itself with the realistic operational footprint a unit of that size could occupy and influence. FOG-N assumes your lower level commanders are competent enough to take care of those things (like ordering units into Square if faced with cavalry and the like). Many players don't like this, and prefer to have a direct hand in the Squarifying of their battalions. As a soldier in the Army, I can assure you, Corps commanders do not concern themselves with details like that.

The game, from the off, puts you in the position of making difficult decisions, and you're weighing a lot of options and consequences in your head from even before turn one. Do I have enough Skirmishers? I should give those Chasseurs some Horse Artillery. Can those conscripts withstand a concentrated volley from those Landwehr?, its very exciting and hits exactly the right note of command. You are a CORPS commander, you worry about the application of resources, and timelines of advance.

What holds this book back from achieving greatness in my mind is the absolutely abysmal layout. Some decisions as to where information should go I cannot reason my way through, Basing for example, is handled a little bit in the front, then some more in the middle, and a little bit more in the end. And all throughout, I am told again and again, that Light Infantry were short, intelligent, sharpshooters...great, but what's the mechanical benefit on the table top1?!? What in the hell do Guards do that I'm paying that many extra points for them?

All of this information IS in the book, but there's no entry for Guards or Light Infantry in the index...so you just kind of have to be lucky. I rarely suggest companies look to Games Workshop for guidance (because...well, it should be obvious), but all of their rulesets have a single index of Universal Special Rules, and if need be Army Lists apply additional unique rules. This setup is simple, and easy to reference in case you forget. It would have been great to have one chapter on Basing (and alternate methods) as well as the rationale and approximate ratio of figures:real dudes.

It would have been great to have a single Index of rules - What does Guards mean again? Oh right, its in the Unit Special Rules index under Guards. Great!

Instead, I have to flip about randomly, or worse, look to the rules for the action I'm trying to adjudicate, and see if the unit type does anything special in that action. For what its worth, I am compiling my own Universal Special Rules index, modeled on Warhammer's, it'll make a great cheat sheet during play, but I feel that Slitherin has dropped the ball on this, as I don't feel I should have to go to this length to fully comprehend what it is exactly that separates Light Infantry from Line Infantry, and god forbid you throw some Guards into that mix.

________________

In Conclusion - I actually really like these rules, for all the whining I do about the layout (and it is kind of a pain) the book itself is a blast to read. The rules represent well the level of leadership they seek to portray, and I believe wholeheartedly that this game would lend itself exceptionally well to multi-player games, with each player a Corps commander.

Also, of note, the Basing System is a little wonky, but asks for the same number of figures per base as LaSalle and half a dozen other games I've looked at. A typical unit is 4 or 6 bases (with artillery half that), with width's determined by scale. The important thing is the Width, the number of dudes on there is up to you and what you think looks good, but generally 8 infantry 4 wide 2 deep is the recommended basing, with some variations for unit type.

________________
tl;dr - Great Corps level rules held back by awkward layout and somewhat confusing wording. Totally worth a shot for any gamer looking for Napoleonics.

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[M655.Ebook] Ebook Training for Speed, Agility, and Quickness, by Lee E. Brown, Vance A. Ferrigno, Juan Carlos Santana

Ebook Training for Speed, Agility, and Quickness, by Lee E. Brown, Vance A. Ferrigno, Juan Carlos Santana

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Training for Speed, Agility, and Quickness, by Lee E. Brown, Vance A. Ferrigno, Juan Carlos Santana

Training for Speed, Agility, and Quickness, by Lee E. Brown, Vance A. Ferrigno, Juan Carlos Santana



Training for Speed, Agility, and Quickness, by Lee E. Brown, Vance A. Ferrigno, Juan Carlos Santana

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Training for Speed, Agility, and Quickness, by Lee E. Brown, Vance A. Ferrigno, Juan Carlos Santana

Athletes and coaches serious about performance use speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) drills to gain an extra step on the competition. In this book more than 200 of the best possible drills for developing these three key athletic skills are included, with diagrams showing how to correctly perform the exercises. It also provides all the tools to design customised workouts based on individual athlete needs. SAQ development programmes are included for baseball and softball, volleyball, American football, tennis, soccer, hockey, basketball, netball, cricket, rugby and Australian rules football. Coaches and athletes can use these as guides for customising their own sport-specific SAQ programme.

  • Sales Rank: #1242641 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Human Kinetics Publishers
  • Published on: 2000-09
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: .63" h x 7.04" w x 10.02" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 241 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

From the Publisher
“This book is an excellent source of information for training athletes in any sport. Training for Speed, Agility, and Quickness takes all the guesswork out of writing programs for your athletes. It is clearly written so that anyone, athlete or coach, can understand. If you're looking to improve performance through smart, well-planned workouts, this book is for you!”

Tommy Moffitt Head strength coach University of Miami NSCA’s Big East Strength Coach of the Year (1998)

About the Author
Lee E. Brown is a certified strength and conditioning specialist (CSCS) through the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) and is on the NSCA board of directors. He is also a certified health fitness instructor through the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and a certified club coach by USA Weightlifting Federation (USAWF). Brown holds a master’s degree in exercise science from Florida Atlantic University, and he expects to receive a doctorate in educational leadership from the same institution in the summer of 2000. Formerly a high school physical education teacher and coach of many sports, Brown now teaches advanced strength and conditioning courses and serves as a health sciences lab coordinator at Florida Atlantic University. He lives in Coconut Creek, Florida.

Vance Ferrigno is the director of fitness and aquatics at Woodfield Country Club in Boca Raton, Florida. In addition, he has been a strength and conditioning consultant to professional and amateur athletes since 1990. He is certified through ACSM as a health fitness instructor (HFI) as well as a health fitness director. He is also a CSCS through the NSCA and a USAWF Club Coach. Ferrigno, who earned his bachelor’s degree in exercise science from Florida State University, assists in developing and teaching the curriculum for a strength and conditioning course at Florida Atlantic University. He resides in Coconut Creek, Florida.

Juan Carlos Santana holds a master’s degree in exercise science from Florida Atlantic University and is working on his PhD in exercise physiology at the University of Miami. He is certified by the NSCA (CSCS) and the ACSM (HFI). Santana also holds coaching certifications with USA Weightlifting and USA Track and Field. He is a member of the NSCA Conference Committee and chairs the NSCA Sports Specific Conference. Santana has been a national competitor and coach in five different sports throughout his 20-year athletic and coaching career. He now lectures internationally and directs Optimum Performance Systems, a Florida company that consults for various equipment companies, athletic teams, and private clients. Santana lives in Boca Raton, Florida.

Most helpful customer reviews

41 of 41 people found the following review helpful.
Nice Reference Book
By S. L. Thomas
This book provides the most comprehensive list of drills for speed and agility that I've seen yet. The included DVD which contains examples on how to perform some of the drills is nice also. The book & DVD are a great value. Here are my pros:

1.comprehensive number of drills
2.nice photos
3.DVD
4.example training programs provided for many sports

Here are my cons:

1.Lacks certain details for the beginner or non coach. Before beginning a program for improving speed, agility & quickness, the book strongly recommends an assessment of your current levels of strength, movement and fitness needs. The book provides what exercises should be performed to assess your current levels, but I wish norms or metrics would have been provided for the assessment exercises. If I must perform single-leg body weight squats to assess my functional strength, how many must I perform to determine whether my strength is adequate or deficient? This is not provided. Page 16 provides all of the assessment exercises, but they all lack the metrics or norms for acheivement.

2.As comprehensive the list of drills are, I found that some of the descriptions on how to perform the drills were lacking. Only a single photo is provided along with a relatively short description on how to perform the drill. There are many drills that just can't be adequately described through written instructions. This is insufficient when proper technique and form is essential to performing the drills. I found myself going to Youtube for videos on some of these drills.

3.With number 2 being said, the DVD should have had videos of all of the drills contained in this book. It only has 66 of the 195 drills.

Besides those deficiencies, I still think this is an excellent resource and provides all the drills I would ever need for tennis training. I give 4/5 stars for the 3 cons mentioned above.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Great read
By DJG
Great information

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Four Stars
By Juan R.
good pointers

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[Z728.Ebook] Free PDF Kiss Me Again (If We Kiss), by Rachel Vail

Free PDF Kiss Me Again (If We Kiss), by Rachel Vail

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Kiss Me Again (If We Kiss), by Rachel Vail

Kiss Me Again (If We Kiss), by Rachel Vail



Kiss Me Again (If We Kiss), by Rachel Vail

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Kiss Me Again (If We Kiss), by Rachel Vail

Kiss Me Again, the sequel to Rachel Vail's beloved contemporary teen romance If We Kiss, follows Charlie (Charlotte) Collins as she struggles with her feelings for her longtime crush Kevin Lazarus after their parents marry and he becomes her stepbrother.

It was complicated enough when their parents were only dating and Kevin was going out with Charlie's best friend, Tess. Now, living under one roof, Charlie and Kevin are crossing paths and crossing lines, sneaking around at night and then sitting down to breakfast together as a family. It feels so crazy—exciting, confusing, impossible, and romantic. It can't last, not like this, but if anybody discovers their secret, everything could explode. . . .

Praised for her wit and realism, award-winning author Rachel Vail delivers a poignant tale of first love and powerful kisses, at long last answering the question of what happens when a crush so off-limits it has to be fantasy suddenly becomes very real.

  • Sales Rank: #1229840 in Books
  • Published on: 2013-12-23
  • Released on: 2013-12-23
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.00" h x .61" w x 5.31" l, .46 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 272 pages

From School Library Journal
Gr 8-10-As this sequel to If We Kiss (HarperCollins, 2005) opens, Charlie and Kevin have shared a romantic kiss after the wedding of their parents. Charlie is a realistic 14-year-old, vacillating between maturity and childishness with ease and believability. Her awkwardness and growing pains in dealing with friendships, a re-formed family, and romantic relationships provide sufficient tension and interest. Kevin can seem too smooth and mature to be a high school freshman, but the flirting and friendship between the stepsiblings is generally believable. Lots of humor and the realistic portrayal of family interactions help overcome slight flaws in secondary character development and occasional inadequately explained references to situations from the previous title. Although the ending feels somewhat rushed, there is a sense of closure that still leaves open the possibility of a follow-up novel. A teen-friendly romance without sexual references.-Natasha Forrester, Multnomah County Library, ORα(c) Copyright 2011. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.

From Booklist
Now living with the first boy she ever kissed, “nearly” 15-year-old Charlie is very confused about their relationship, especially since the reason they reside in the same house is that their parents have married each other, and yet they (as in Charlie and Kevin) still can’t stop smooching. Confusion is actually an understatement as the complications that commenced in the lighthearted If We Kiss (2005) increase in their teenaged complexity as friendships are tested, rumors are spread, and blended families learn how to come together. Vail presents it all through Charlie’s humorous, obsessive, and believable first-person voice, and while there are most certainly some innuendos and multiple eww-they’re-like-stepsiblings moments throughout, between all the texting, sneaking, and snogging, there’s nothing too far beyond what previous generations may have imagined between Greg and Marcia Brady. Kevin has gained some dimension since the previous volume and among all the hormones going amok there is an entertaining and relatable romp about figuring out first love. Grades 7-10. --Andrew Medlar

Review
“From the first page, readers are sucked into a story both angst-y and funny. An enjoyable romance that eschews smutty for sweet.” (Kirkus Reviews)

“An entertaining and relatable romp about figuring out first love.” (ALA Booklist)

Most helpful customer reviews

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Improves on If We Kiss
By Christina (A Reader of Fictions)
As I began reading Kiss Me Again, I was initially highly concerned. I really liked the direction that Charlie was heading in at the end of If We Kiss. She had finally managed to make a step away from her unhealthy crush on boy-slut Kevin Lazarus, which was really good timing, too, since her mom and his dad just got married. Then, I open the next book and there she is obsessing over kissing Kevin again. Vail does, though, quickly convince me that the story is actually going where it needs to go, and Kiss Me Again turns out to be a touching story more about family dynamics than romance.

Now that they're step-siblings, Charlie and Kevin have a serious conundrum, since they are teens who have kissed one another and would like to do that more. The romance, while perhaps the most obvious element of the story, does not dominate the other aspects by any means. Charlie and Kevin both grow a lot in their dealings with romantic relationships, Kevin learning to be more mindful and less of a flirt, while Charlie refuses to lead on a friend with a crush on her. Their surprisingly mature actions, especially in comparison with the events of If We Kiss really impressed me and made me much more sympathetic than I was previously.

Settling into a new family is difficult. The Lazarus family moves into the house Charlie and her mother have been in. Charlie has to share a bathroom for the first time in her life, and deal with the fact that the soap is now often wet from someone else (which is totally gross, I agree, girl). With her mom, Charlie didn't have many chores, but Joe Lazarus, her new step-father, believes in everyone doing their share. Joe is also much less lenient than her mother.

What's great, though, is that Vail highlights both the struggles and discomforts of these two families blending, and the wonderful parts. Most touching, I think is the affection shown by all towards Samantha, Kevin's younger sister. They all try to be there for her. Never is this better illustrated than when she loses one of her baby teeth. While she's sleeping, Charlie slips a dollar under her pillow. In the morning, Sam happily announces that the tooth fairy left her four dollars this time, and you realize that all four other family members left her a dollar for her tooth. Much as they may all have moments where they wish the marriage hadn't happened, ultimately, they are all making the best of it and taking good care of one another.

One of the trickiest things for Charlie to overcome in this change is that she has less time to spend with her mom. They're still trying to work out a nice balance of mother-daughter time when the book ends, but they are working on it. I mention this because Kiss Me Again has one of the best scenes (meaning incredibly awkward) where a parent tries to discuss sexuality with the child.

Charlie also grows as a person on two more fronts. She gets a job, all through her own motivation and earns her first ever money. In a whole other realm of life, she learns a bit about friendship. Though her backstabbing of Tess in If We Kiss cannot be forgiven, that does not necessarily make Tess a good friend either. In Kiss Me Again, Charlie's starting to realize how imbalanced and unhealthy her relationship with Tess is. I do think that this lets Charlie off the hook a little bit too easily, perhaps an attempt to make her more sympathetic, but it's a good lesson for teens about friendship, and how insidiously terrible for your self-esteem a supposed best friend can be.

Rachel Vail's follow-up to If We Kiss greatly improves on its predecessor. If you were on the fence about reading the second one, I would recommend it. Charlie's voice finds its stride here, and the focus on family makes this a rare, powerful young adult read.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Kiss me again
By jasmine turpin
I read both of these books in 5 days. There needs to be 3, honestly this is the best book I have read in a long time. And Rachel vail, your a great author. You put so much detail in your books. That's what makes the next page so exciting every time you read and turn the page. I think I will die not knowing what happens after "kiss me again. I would love to read a third book of "if we kiss" and "kiss me again". I beg of you to please continue this book. Into maybe making a third one. Because you are one of the best Authors; books I have ever read.

Your biggest fan,
Jasmine turpin.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
The aftermath of a first kiss has led to the tension leading to the next kiss.
By Dark Faerie Tales
Review courtesy of Dark Faerie Tales.

Quick & Dirty: The aftermath of a first kiss has led to the tension leading to the next kiss.

Opening Sentence: I tried not to look at Kevin Lazarus' lips, or remember how they tasted.

The Review:

Kiss Me Again is the sequel to Rachel Vail's If We Kiss. There is a lot of charm in this book, mostly from the main character, but also from the scenarios that Vail writes about. Family, love, and relationships theme the pages of the book, and it was fun to read.

Awkwardness abound as Charlie and Kevin are now stepsiblings. After the marriage of her and Kevin's parents, after the broken friendship between Tess and herself, and after the confusion of her relationship with Kevin, Charlie has to figure it all out. Her situation doesn't get any easier as more complications come into play. The confusion isn't one-sided, and Charlie has to figure out her feelings for Kevin. Charlie has to think about the consequences of hurting more people, trying to prevent what happened with her and Tess. And amidst it all, Charlie has to find out what she wants.

I think Charlie has grown a bit in Kiss Me Again. There have been a lot of changes in Charlie's personal life, aside from the moments of kisses, and I think she dealt with them realistically. Vail wrote her in a way that held true to the character's persona and for someone her age. Charlie is emotionally confused for most of the book, trying to balance her feelings and her beliefs. Kevin, George, her family, and her friends all add to the chaos of her emotions and her thoughts. It's like Charlie muddles through life, trying to survive Kevin, school, and all of the changes going on. I felt more engaged with her and definitely more connected this time around.

Once again, I had a love and hate relationship with Kevin. But I think that was the purpose. I was confused at Kevin's intentions, and definitely confused about his feelings. While some of his actions relayed interest, there is the sly boy persona that plays hard to get. Don't get me wrong, it is also Charlie's fault, but I felt that Kevin didn't help with anything Charlie was trying to accomplish. There's this fine line that I walked, feeling like the whole thing was going to be too much. But Vail did a good job with writing his character and making him Charlie's biggest obstacle to overcome.

There is angst in Kiss Me Again, as much as the first book, but there was a lot of growth all around. From the characters to Charlie herself, I felt that the story came to a happy ending. I felt like the story moved past the original kiss to topics of love and relationships. From Charlie's parents to her new found family, and even to the relationship with Tess, I felt like Vail spoke and defined different levels of love. This is high school, freshman year at that, and I still feel like Vail represented it in a true sense.

It's not always easy for me to read books where the main character is so young. It's been a while since I've been that age and it's sometimes a challenge for me to connect to the main character. But in Kiss Me Again, I think Vail was able to do that and bring me back to that age. I was able to feel the anxiety and the stress of Charlie's problems, allowing myself to be transformed into a 15-year old girl. And because of that, I thought this was a great read.

FTC Advisory: Harper Teen provided me with a copy of Kiss Me Again. No goody bags, sponsorships, "material connections," or bribes were exchanged for my review.

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  • Sales Rank: #3119351 in Books
  • Published on: 1960
  • Binding: Paperback

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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Less than perfect
By Lynn
This recording has some blips in it, probably due to a technician who was not paying attention. However the majority of this is still able to be clearly understood.

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The Pattern of the Chinese Past, by Mark Elvin

A satisfactory comprehensive history of the social and economic development of pre-modern China, the largest country in the world in terms of population, and with a documentary record covering three millennia, is still far from possible. The present work is only an attempt to disengage the major themes that seem to be of relevance to our understanding of China today. In particular, this volume studies three questions. Why did the Chinese Empire stay together when the Roman Empire, and every other empire of antiquity of the middle ages, ultimately collapsed? What were the causes of the medieval revolution which made the Chinese economy after about 1100 the most advanced in the world? And why did China after about 1350 fail to maintain her earlier pace of technological advance while still, in many respects, advancing economically? The three sections of the book deal with these problems in turn but the division of a subject matter is to some extent only one of convenience. These topics are so interrelated that, in the last analysis, none of them can be considered in isolation from the others.

  • Sales Rank: #1025591 in Books
  • Published on: 1973-06-01
  • Released on: 1973-06-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.50" h x .90" w x 5.50" l, .90 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 348 pages

Review
"A book which is without doubt the most lucid and stimulating introduction to the problems of the economic and social history of traditional China at present available. . . . There is so much that is new and stimulating in this book, and it is written with such a nice balance between argument and vivid quotation from primary sources. . . . A superb introduction to the distinctive patterns of Chinese history over the span of two millennia."
—E. Wilkinson
,The Economist


"Every now and then a book appears which by its evidence and boldness of argument redirects our thinking, making us re-examine old problems in unprecedented ways. Such were Marc Bloch's Les caractères originaux de l'histoire rurale française and E.H. Norman's Japan's Emergence as a Modern State. I predict The Pattern of the Chinese Past will achieve similar fame in Chinese historical studies. It is a brilliant achievement. . . . Elvin's book will stand out as a landmark in Chinese social and economic studies."
—Ramon H. Myers
,The Journal of Asian Studies


"The work will attract attention both for its obvious merits—readability, attention to large and important problems, frequent brilliant historical insights—and because the author's interpretations at times 'depart considerably from the received consensus.'"
—Albert Feuerwerker
,The China Quarterly

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24 of 26 people found the following review helpful.
"High-level Equilibrium Trap"
By Daniel Stroup
Professor Elvin renders Chinese history through an economic perspective instead of using the common dynastic classification by attempting to answer three questions:
-What contributed to the continuity of the Chinese empire?
-Why was the Chinese economy the most advanced in the world from the Song dynasty (960-1279) up until the latter half of the Qing dynasty (mid-1800's)?
-Why did China fail to maintain her technological advantage after the mid-fourteenth century while advancing economically?
In the first section of the book, the author elucidates the staying power of the Chinese empire was due to the following factors. The economics of defense in relation to the size of empire and the power of its neighbors never became an extreme burden that it rendered the state impotent for any consecutively long period of time. It was always able to reformulate itself after a short disunity or rule by a foreign power of the whole, which only happened twice within a two thousand year period (Mongol and Manchu rule). Two other factors that contributed to the continuity of the Chinese state include a relatively isolated existence from the rest of the Eurasian landmass and the important placed on cultural unity, beginning with the first emperor's destruction of local records in order to quell local loyalties (pp.21-22). Both of these factors had been built up over time through a revolution in communication and transportation.
The second section of the book analyses the causes of the economic revolution that occurred between the 8th and 12th centuries and the technological growth that accompanied it. The transformation of agriculture, especially in the south, was the major impetus that fuelled the economic growth of this period. This revolution in agriculture had four aspects. 1.) The preparation of soil became more effective as a result of improved or new tools and the extensive use of manure and lime as fertilizer. 2.) Seed improvements allowed for double cropping. 3.) Improvements in hydraulic techniques and irrigation networks and 4.) specialization in crops other than basic foodgrains (p.118). Improvements in transportation and communications were almost as important as agriculture in growing the economy. Water transport saw big gains and led to the golden age of geographic studies and cartography, with envoys travelling as far away as Africa. Money and credit matured during this time helping to expand the economy. Paper money made its first appearence in 1024. Improvements in science, medicine, and technology also occurred during this period. However, dispite all these advancements, "this period was the climax and also the end of many preceding centuries of scientific and technical progress"(p.179). Although the Chinese economy continued to advance from the 14th century on, albeit on a smaller scale, it was not accompanied by improvements in technology.
The last section deals with this phenomenon, describing the distinctive characteristics of this late traditional period (1300-1800), and then proceeding to point out why technological advancements did not keep pace with the growth in the economy. This period sees a rise of small market towns in the sixteenth century and a decline in contact with the non-Chinese world around the middle of the fifteenth century. Also, by the eighteenth century serfdom disappeared which aided in the growth in the population, which had reached 400 million by the mid-1800's. Elvin interestingly points out that the highly sophisticated metaphysics that evaded Chinese intellectual thought during the Ming and Qing dyansties negated any deep scientific inquiry (p.233). In the attempt to explain the lack of technological advancement, Elvin disputes a number of conventional explinations. Contrary to popular belief, there was enough capital during this period to finance simple technological advances, also there was minimal political obstacles to economic growth.
In short, Elvin believes "that in late traditional China economic forces developed in such a way as to make profitable invention more and more difficult. With falling surplus in agriculture, and so falling per capita income and per capita demand, with cheapening labour but increasingly expensive resources and capital, with farming and transport technologies so good that no simple improvements could be made, rational strategy for peasants and merchants alike tended in the direction not so much of labour-saving machinery as of economizing on resources and fixed capital. Huge but nearly static markets created no bottlenecks in the production system that might have prompted creativity" (p.314). This condition is what he terms as a "high-level equilibrium trap". The term "trap" to describe the condition of late imperial China's technological advancement in relation to the economy is similar to "Escape from Predicament", Thomas A. Metzger's analysis of the "predicament" Chinese intellectual thought found itself confronted with from the Song through to the end of the Qing dynasty. Both explanations have at its core the idea of late imperial China not being able to generate real substainable progress internally, stating that it was the Chinese response to the Western threat in the mid to late 1800's that finally brought the needed change.

4 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
An Important Book; 4.5 Stars
By R. Albin
This very interesting book was published in the early 1970s. Despite the passage of decades, it continues to be an important and influential effort to broadly interpret the Chinese past. This book is divided into 3 primary sections; the first on the formation and remarkable persistence of the Chinese imperial state, the second on the impressive economic and technological achievements of medieval Chinese civilization, and the last on the relative stagnation of later premodern Chinese society. This is generally a well written and very thoughtful book. Elvin effectively uses a good deal of quotation from primary sources to make his arguments and the integration of a variety of sources of evidence is impressive. A defect of this approach is that there are parts of the text where the use of primary source quotations tends to ovewhelm the analysis.

The first section covers much of the basic narrative of Chinese Imperial history and addresses the interesting question of how the basic pattern of Chinese imperial states persisted for so many centuries. Elvin stresses a number of important factors. China was in a relative geographic cul de sac and the surrounding threatening cultures were mainly Central Asian pastoralists with ecological limits on their power. Elvin also stresses a fairly traditional view that conquering Central Asians could govern only by being absorbed into Chinese culture. I think this point of view has been modified in recent years by scholars of the Qing. He also stresses the power of the imperial idea and the great continuity of Confucianism as powerful binding forces. These ideas contributed not only to maintaining the imperial state per se, but in particular probably contributed greatly to preventing the emergence of a durable multi-state system in China.

The second part of the book is arguably the most interesting. Elvin describes the considerable dynamism of Chinese medieval society which was characterized by a great deal of economic and technological achievement. He describes expanding markets, the development of sophisticated credit markets, and huge advances in many technologies, including agriculture, transport, and many aspects of manufacturing, The analogies with medieval and early modern Europe are unmistakable. In particular, he points to the emergence of sophisticated machinery including textile technology strongly analogous to the machinery that was a critical part of the European Industrial Revolution. In his account, medieval China appears to have been on the threshold of an industrial revolution. He also discusses interesting scientific or proto-scientific developments in medieval China.

The third section is devoted to explaining why China didn't cross the threshold to industrialization. He describes a multifactorial process producing what he famously describes as a "high equilibrium trap". The end of expansion into Southern China, coupled with changes in land tenure systems favoring small holdings, resulted in significant resource limitations and relatively low demand for key consumer goods. Chinese intellectuals never really developed a scientific approach to the natural world. Finally, the successful growth of the Chinese state and economy in the 18th century produced what was in many ways a very successful Smithian economy that significantly reduced incentives for investing in new technologies, particularly manufacturing technologies. This is a cogent explanation but I believe that Elvin's analysis underestimates the importance of 2 major features - the lack of a scientific world view among Chinese intellectuals and the unified state reducing intrastate competition as force for technological innovation.

Elvin returned to this issue in a more recent and equally interesting book, The Retreat of the Elephants. In the latter, he makes more of the lack of Chinese scientific tradition and suggests also that the need for the Chinese state to invest in major hydrological projects tended to reduce capital that the state could have invested in incenting new technologies.

Elvin encourages comparisons between Chinese and European history in explaining major developments such as the industrial revolution. From his account, both in this book and The Retreat..., leads to the conclusion that several factors were important. While Chinese society faced constraints after the occupation of southern China, early modern Europe had the ecological windfall of the Western Hemisphere, intrastate competition in Europe was a source of dynamism, Chinese intellectuals never developed a scientific world view, and successful Smithian economies could lead to a form of stagnation. There are 2 quite interesting implications. One is that industrialization in the Europe was an incredibly lucky event and the second that the Smithian economic fundamentals seen by some economic historians as crucial dterminants of industrialization are not nearly as important as often asserted.

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The Laboratory Xenopus sp. (Laboratory Animal Pocket Reference), by Sherril L. Green

Even though Xenopus is one of the two most popular non-mammalian animals used in biomedical research, its value in the lab suffers from a lack of standardization regarding their optimal care, breeding, and housing.



Filling the need for such a reference, The Laboratory Xenopus sp provides researchers and lab managers with a practical, step-by-step manual that emphasizes the humane care and use of captive clawed frogs in basic as well as biomedical, and toxicological research.



The Only Book of Its Kind Available to Researchers


Amply illustrated with 50 color illustrations of management practices and technical procedures, this how-to guide:





  • Offers quick reference on the humane care and use of clawed frogs in the laboratory



  • Illustrates management practices and technical procedures with figures and tables



  • Provides sources of additional information on frogs, feed, and sanitation supplies



Supported with hypothesis-driven research, this well-organized manual explores the full range of responsibilities facing individuals who work with this species. The content is divided into intentionally brief sections that allow for the quick retrieval of essential information regarding important biological features and experimental methodology, as well as compliance and veterinary care, husbandry, housing, and water quality management.


The book has an accompanying website with more information, including interesting frog trivia.

  • Sales Rank: #2492979 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2009-12-02
  • Released on: 2009-12-02
  • Format: Kindle eBook

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3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
An extremely useful reference for anyone with interest in Xenopus sp.
By P. V.
Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis have become increasingly important non-mammalian laboratory animal models in embryology, toxicology, cellular biology, physiology, biochemistry, and biomedical research studies. This book on Xenopus sp represents one of the latest volumes in the Laboratory Animal Pocket Reference Series. Like other titles in this series, this book contains chapters covering the important biological features, husbandry, management, veterinary care, and common experimental methods relating to Xenopus sp. in research laboratories. In addition, the last chapter provides additional information resources that supplement the necessarily brief summaries provided in a pocket reference. This book succeeds admirably in providing a convenient and comprehensive source of information addressing the unique characteristics and needs of Xenopus sp in laboratory settings. Its intended audience is research scientists, technicians, animal caretakers, and laboratory animal veterinarians, but the handbook would also serve as an excellent reference for pet owners. The first chapter, rich in illustrations, contains interesting and useful information regarding the origin, behavior, anatomy, and physiology of Xenopus. The second chapter focuses on the husbandry of Xenopus, addressing the critical macro and microenvironmental needs of these frogs by summarizing various housing options and providing detailed instructions on how to establish and maintain water quality. Other husbandry issues include the nutritional needs, sanitation, environmental enrichment, identification, transportation, and record keeping. A very brief third chapter contains miscellaneous information outlining some pertinent animal welfare regulations and resources, and outlines the potential zoonotic disease risks that may be associated with the use of Xenopus. Chapter 4 is of particular value for laboratory animal veterinarians and veterinary technicians, as it addresses critically important issues involving the quarantine and physical examination of Xenopus, as well as the diagnosis and management of important infectious diseases and other common disease conditions. Especially valuable is the detailed information (including drug dosages and preparations) on appropriate methods for anesthesia, aseptic surgery, analgesia, post-operative care, and euthanasia. Chapter 5 presents a practical guide for veterinarians, investigators and animal caretakers in methods for safely handling Xenopus. This chapter is enriched with high quality illustrations that show proper methods for restraint, drug injections, gross necropsy, and blood collection. Important and widely used methods used to induce ovulation and collect eggs/oocytes from adult females are described in detail and the reasons for the presently limited usefulness of hematology and clinical chemistries in Xenopus sp. is addressed. The final chapter (Resources) provides in one convenient location the organizations, internet resources, books, and vendors that can be consulted to supplement the information provided in this handbook. In all chapters, relevant and updated references are provided for further reading.
In summary, this much needed book addresses the unique characteristics and needs of Xenopus sp in laboratory settings, providing a wealth of information that is hard to find in one place. The book is comprehensive, easy to read and has complete and current references. It should be in the library of every veterinarian and researcher with interest in the biology, breeding, care, use, and common diseases of Xenopus sp.

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AMERICAN CINEMATOGRAPHER Magazine 2000 Mission to Mars Girl Interrupted Oswald Morris Lighting The Ninth Gate Johnny Depp, Satan, Shooting

AMERICAN CINEMATOGRAPHER Magazine March & April 2000 Issues Mission to Mars Girl Interrupted, Oswald Morris, Lighting, The Ninth Gate, Johnny Depp, Satan, Shooting Digitally, Time Code 2000, Third World Cop, Theo Plays Chopin, Fuji Film Stock Tests, Sundance Highlights +

  • Published on: 2000
  • Binding: Single Issue Magazine

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